Extending rights diaspora policy
Extending rights diaspora policy is one of the main types of Alan Gamlen’s three-component typology of diaspora engagement policy. The other two types are the policy of capacity building and the policy of extracting obligations from the diaspora. Focusing on ~, this can be further divided into two subtypes. On the one hand, the policies of political incorporation of the diaspora seek to upgrade the membership status of emigrants and their descendants in order to strengthen their ties with the kin-state and its constituent nation. The extent of political incorporation varies from state to state, and there is often a divergence between theoretical membership and its practical implementation. On the other hand, kin-states often provide civil and social services to the diaspora, ensuring their protection and well-being while abroad. Common services include labour export policies that manage the recruitment of external workers, healthcare, and employer relations. Some states also offer services to emigrants returning temporarily, such as special service centres. Regarding Hungary’s diaspora policy, the institutionalization of ethnic preferential paths to naturalization and the extension of voting rights to non-resident citizens are examples of political incorporation diaspora policies. Meanwhile, the establishment of the Welcome Office Portal is a good example of providing social services aimed at assisting remigration and reintegration processes.