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Paris minority treaties
In the final stages of World War 1, the right of peoples to self-determinationtook on great importance, and the Entente powers and their allies included the assertion of this right...Author: Zahorán Csaba
Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) – recommendations and reports on national minorities
The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe is the deliberative body of the Strasbourg-based multilateral organisation, which was founded in 1949 and today has 47 members. In the Convention...Author: Gyurcsík Iván
parliamentary representation
The participation of nationalities and national minorities in public affairs and their political representation in parliaments is the subject of several international documents (the UN Declaration on the Rights of...Author: Gyurcsík Iván
participation of national minorities in public life
The (effective) participation of national minorities in public affairs is mentioned and referred to in several international documents. These include Article 35 of the document adopted at the 1990 Copenhagen...Author: Gyurcsík Iván
Pentagonic Nexus
Rogers Brubaker’s triadic nexus—which links national minorities, nationalizing states, and external national homelands—can also be applied in the field of diaspora studies, but it should be augmented with at least...Author: Gazsó Dániel
PERSONAL AUTONOMY AND CULTURAL AUTONOMY IN SERBIA
Personal autonomy, also referred to as cultural autonomy, has been one of the most important topics in the political life of Hungarian communities beyond the borders of Hungary from the...Author: Palusek Erik
Personal names of minorities before the ECtHR
The use of personal names is a specific border area of minority language use, which, as part of personal identity, is basically rooted in the private sphere (as such it...Author: Nagy Noémi
Petőfi Sándor Program
The Petőfi Sándor Program was launched in 2015 by the State Secretariat for Hungarian Communities Abroad, based on the model of the already existed Kőrösi Csoma Sándor Program. The main...Author: Gazsó Dániel
Policy of „korenizacije” in Soviet Union
The term comes from the Russian language, where indigenous, indigenous peoples are referred to as “korennije. The policy of “korenizacije was continued by the post-civil war Soviet Bolshevik leadership in...Author: Halász Iván
political organisations of Hungarian minorities
The political organisations of Hungarian minorities are the most important political advocacy organisations in the 100-year history of minority Hungarian communities. The National Christian Socialist Party and the Hungarian National...Author: Bárdi Nándor
political parties of ethnic minorities
Political mobilisation based on ethnic, national or linguistic identity is based on the defence of the identity of the minority community against the state’s policies aimed at assimilation or globalization...Author: Vizi Balázs
political-legal typology of European minorities
In terms of their legal status there are communities with equal status (state-constituting communities, [e.g. Flemish, Swiss cantons, Hungarians in Slovenia, Swedes in Finland], communities with cultural and/or language group...Author: Bárdi Nándor
Population exchange
Reconciling political and ethnic boundaries has been a major goal of national movements and nation-states since the rise of nationalism. However, these aspirations have long been hampered by multi-ethnic empires...Author: Zahorán Csaba
Preferential Treatment Law (Status Law)
The legislation on Hungarians living in neighbouring countries was adopted in 2001. The primary aim of the Act was to express that all Hungarians living abroad belong to the Hungarian...Author: Kántor Zoltán
prejudice
A hostile or negative attitude towards a group based on stereotypes, i.e. generalisations derived from false or incomplete information. Based on Gordon W. Allport’s model (the Gordon’s Scale) there are...Author: Szalayné Sándor Erzsébet
Pro Minoritate Foundation (A Kisebbségekért – Pro Minoritate Alapítvány)
Pro Minoritate Foundation (A Kisebbségekért – Pro Minoritate Alapítvány) is an independent, non-profit organization with the aim of supporting ethnic and national minorities in Europe, with particular emphasis on supporting...Author: Tárnok Balázs
prohibition of discrimination
Modern constitutions as well as universal and regional international human rights conventions, including European ones, also protect equality of rights, which is typically violated by discrimination on some grounds, by...Author: Szalayné Sándor Erzsébet
Proportionality
A key characteristic of Consociationalism applicable also as a minority protection tool. Proportionality constitutes a deviation from the rules of majoritarian democracy providing an instrument applicable in divided societies. Proportionality...Author: Manzinger Krisztián
Proposal for a Draft Global Convention on the Rights of Minorities
On 6 March 2023, UN Special Rapporteur on Minority Issues Fernand de Varennes published a Proposal for a Draft Global Convention on the Rights of Minorities, attached to his annual...Author: Nagy Noémi
prosperity in one’s native land
The basis of Hungarian kin-state policy – both as a constitutional obligation and in strategic aspirations – is to support prosperity in one’s native land. Its starting point is the...Author: Kántor Zoltán
Protecting power and minorities
In international law, there is a particular sensitivity to the situation where a foreign state sees itself as the defender of minorities of the same ethnicity living on the territory...Author: Halász Iván
protection of Hungarian memorial sites abroad
The monuments and sites are protected under the Rómer Flóris Plan (2015). Within the framework of the Plan the built cultural heritage of Hungarian significance abroad will be explored, studied,...Author: Kántor Zoltán