Compatriots
Co-nationals, members of autochthonous communities (kin-minorities) or other diaspora members living abroad. Their legal status is usually regulated by a separate law, based on the national responsibility clause, of the...Author: Halász Iván
concept of minority
The existence of groups with identities different from the majority of a state’s population – as minorities – obviously only expresses a relative numerical relationship between these two groups in...Author: Vizi Balázs
Consociational democracy
A form of power sharing that enables politically or ethnically heterogeneous societies to function democratically by overcoming the centrifugal forces through attitudes and behaviours of cooperation among leaders from different...Author: Manzinger Krisztián
constitutional regulation on the relationship with Hungarians beyond the borders
During the democratic changes of 1989-90 the need to address the situation of Hungarians living beyond the borders, the question of national responsibility and the demand that the kin-state regulates...Author: Gyurcsík Iván
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and its Committee
The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) is an international treaty adopted in 1979 within the framework of the →United Nations, which aims to...Author: Nagy Noémi
Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Committee
The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is an international treaty adopted in 1989 within the framework of the →United Nations, which aims to protect the rights of...Author: Nagy Noémi
Council of Europe – membership criteria
The Statute of the Council of Europe (Articles 3 and 4) lays down the political–legal (rule of law, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms) and geographical conditions for membership,...Author: Gyurcsík Iván
cross-border cooperation
The need for cooperation between regions next to state borders can be traced back to two reasons. Border regions are often peripheral areas with cumulative disadvantages, while in Europe, where...Author: Baller Barbara
cross-border reunification
A cross-border reunification is the concept of uniting Hungarians living in neighbouring states and in the diaspora without border modification, strengthening the sense of belonging of dispersed Hungarians, and institutionalising...Author: Kántor Zoltán
CSCE/OSCE documents
The Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE, since 1994: Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe, OSCE) adopted the Helsinki Final Act in 1975, which enshrined the prohibition...Author: Vizi Balázs
cultural rights
cultural rights – together with economic and social rights – appeared in democratic constitutions in the first third of the twentieth century. A common feature of so-called second-generation rights is...Author: Szalayné Sándor Erzsébet
cultural, religious and linguistic diversity
cultural, religious and linguistic diversity is one of the fundamental characteristics of developed societies. Its emergence is usually the result of complex demographic, economic and technological developments which bring about...Author: Szalayné Sándor Erzsébet
Decision 35/1992. (VI. 10.) AB – representation of minorities
The Constitutional Court’s very first decision regarding minorities was delivered on 2 June 1992. Although the submission specifically requested the determination of unconstitutionality by omission with regard to para. 3...Author: Nagy Noémi
Decision 45/2005. (XII. 14.) AB – belonging to a minority
On 12 December 2005, the Constitutional Court made a substantial statement on the declaration of minority affiliation for the first time, shortly after the adoption of Act No. CXIV of...Author: Nagy Noémi
democracy and the minority question
In a liberal democracy based on equal suffrage, if political fault lines appear along ethnic or national identity lines, minorities have minor chance of gaining a role in government. Democracy,...Author: Bárdi Nándor, Kántor Zoltán
Deputy Commissioner for the Rights of National Minorities (Deputy Ombudsman)
The Deputy Commissioner for the Rights of National Minorities living in Hungary is a public official institutionalised by the Fundamental Law and is a key control institution of the Parliament....Author: Szalayné Sándor Erzsébet
diaspora
The term diaspora is used to describe geographically dispersed communities of migrant origin that are integrated into their surrounding society, but not fully assimilated, and are connected to related communities...Author: Bárdi Nándor
Diaspora policy
Diaspora policy is the policy of support towards diaspora communities of migratory origin by the kin-state. Therefore it is closely related to the idea of kin-state’s responsibility, thus to the...Author: Gazsó Dániel
dispersion
The concept of dispersion has no uniform definition. In the interpretation of Hungarian kin-state policy, dispersion is any local minority or community organised on ethnic, national or religious grounds, which...Author: Bárdi Nándor
economic development aid
Since the mid-1990s it has become clear that the programme of prosperity in one’s native land, which was formulated in 1994, can be successfully achieved not only by supporting the...Author: Bárdi Nándor
educational rights
The right to education is a fundamental right of major social interest, one of the most important areas of responsibility of modern democratic states and the basis of the institutional...Author: Szalayné Sándor Erzsébet
Emberi Jogok Európai Egyezménye és a bírói gyakorlat
Az Emberi Jogok Európai Egyezménye és kiegészítő jegyzőkönyvei (1950) nem tartalmaznak kifejezett nemzeti kisebbségi jogi rendelkezéseket, leszámítva a vallásszabadság elvét, amely kisebbségi jogként is értelmezhető. Az egyezmény 14. cikke és...Author: Szalayné Sándor Erzsébet
Emigrant
An emigrant is a person who moves from his place of residence to another settlement (internal migration) or to another country (international migration) with the intention of settling or staying...Author: Gazsó Dániel
equal rights
The right to equal treatment is an expression, as a subjective right, of the requirement of equality of rights, which applies to both natural and legal persons. Equality of rights...Author: Szalayné Sándor Erzsébet