Language Rights Cases at the Court of Justice of the European Union
In the Groener case, a Dutch teacher was rejected for a position in Ireland because she did not speak Irish. The Court found that requiring proficiency in the Irish language...Author: Tárnok Balázs
Language rights in Finland
Finland is Northern European Scandinavian state which became independent from Russia in 1917. Finland is officially bilingual with Finnish and Swedish being national languages at state level. According to Finnish...Author: Manzinger Krisztián
Latin American Association of Hungarian Country Organizations
The Latin American Association of Hungarian Country Organizations was established in 2004 on the model of the Western European Association of Hungarian Country Organizations (itt hivatkozzunk az angol összefoglalóra: https://www.nyeomszsz.org/index.php/hu/fooldal/english-summary),...Author: Gazsó Dániel
linguistic landscape
The visible display of a language (in public spaces, on shop signs, on boards, on official institutions, etc.) is part of the linguistic landscape. In most cases it also shows...Author: Vizi Balázs
Lovelace v. Canada
The 1981 Lovelace v. Canada case is an early, iconic example of the →Human Rights Committee’s jurisprudence on →belonging to a minority. To sum up the Committee’s respective views, whether...Author: Nagy Noémi
Mavlonov and Sa’di v. Uzbekistan
The 2009 Mavlonov and Sa’di v. Uzbekistan case concerned the right of minorities to enjoy their own culture, namely the refusal to register Oina, a bi-weekly Tajik-language newspaper. Oina was...Author: Nagy Noémi
Meeting of Hungarian Weekend Schools (ha van angol nyelvű anyag, hasznos lenne)
The Meeting of Hungarian Weekend Schools is organized by the State Secretariat for Hungarian Communities Abroad since 2018 in Budapest. It is the second largest forum in Hungary after the...Author: Gazsó Dániel
Migration
Migration means a change of residence that involves crossing a settlement boundary. Internal migration refers to the movement of people within a country, while international migration refers to the movement...Author: Gazsó Dániel
Mikes Kelemen Program
The Mikes Kelemen Program is dedicated to collecting the library and archival heritage of the Hungarian diaspora. Its establishment was announced by the State Secretariat for Hungarian Communities Abroad at...Author: Gazsó Dániel
Minority and territorial autonomy in Serbia
During the 19th and 20th centuries, Serbia played a key role in Yugoslavism, the establishment of a South Slavic political union, which eventually fell apart in both 1941 and 1991...Author: Manzinger Krisztián
Minority consequences of the Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon, signed after World War 1 on 4 June 1920, sanctioned the division of the multi-ethnic Kingdom of Hungary on the basis of ethnic principles. Although the...Author: Zahorán Csaba
Minority Intergroup of the European Parliament (Intergroup on Traditional minorities, national communities and languages)
In the European Parliament MEPs can set up informal inter-groups to represent major social or political issues. A group of MEPs first took the initiative to work together across political...Author: Vizi Balázs
minority marginalisation
Social and demographic processes cannot be disconnected from the political and institutional framework that determines the daily life of the minority community. In the modern nation-state, which cannot be culturally...Author: Bárdi Nándor
minority media
In addition to the maintenance of educational and cultural institutions and the promotion of cultural works and events, minority media services are a key element of the cultural autonomy of...Author: Szalayné Sándor Erzsébet
Minority of the majority
Since the beginnings of the construction of modern nation-states in the 18th and 19th centuries, the phenomenon of (numerical) minority of certain groups of the dominant (“titular”) nation in some...Author: Zahorán Csaba
minority protection system between the two world wars
Before the First World War the protection of minorities was mainly provided by international treaties, especially peace treaties, guaranteeing religious freedom. The best known in this context is the Peace...Author: Szalayné Sándor Erzsébet
Minority registration
The institution of registration was introduced by Act No. CXIV of 2005 on the election of minority self-government representatives and the amendment of certain laws concerning national and ethnic minorities....Author: Nagy Noémi
Minority rights advocacy in the United States
Since the end of World War II, the global enforcement of human rights has been a crucial guiding principle of U.S. foreign policy. Given that European states strive for good...Author: Tárnok Balázs
Minority rights before the Constitutional Court of Hungary
During more than three decades of its operation, the Constitutional Court of Hungary discussed approximately three dozen cases directly affecting minorities in Hungary. The Court dealt with the concept of...Author: Nagy Noémi
Minority Rights Group
Minority Rights Group (MRG) is an international human rights non-governmental organization working with ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, and indigenous peoples worldwide. It was founded in 1969 by David Astor,...Author: Tárnok Balázs
Minority SafePack European Citizens’ Initiative
The ‘Minority SafePack – One million signatures for a diverse Europe’ is a European citizens’ initiative for the protection of minorities, which was launched in the European Union – using...Author: Gyurcsík Iván
minority society
It is an ethnically self-organising institutional structure which creates “minority worlds” in the sociological sense within a given country, its own institutions operating in the mother tongue, so that the...Author: Bárdi Nándor
monitoring procedure
By signing the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages the signatory states undertook to draw up a report every three years on the implementation of the Charter, which would...Author: Szalayné Sándor Erzsébet
Monolingualism
Defining one or more languages as the one(s) used in administration, education and official communication is inevitable for every state. Monolingualism is a practice applied in nation-states to demand of...Author: Manzinger Krisztián