segregation
Intentional or promoted separation of persons or groups on the basis of race, religion, belief, sex, sexual orientation or any other difference, whether perceived or real, without being permitted by...Author: Szalayné Sándor Erzsébet
simplified naturalisation
On 26 May 2010 the Hungarian Citizenship Act was amended, as a result of which the preferential naturalisation of Hungarians living beyond the border commenced on 1 January 2011. The...Author: Kántor Zoltán
SITUATION OF THE KOSOVO SERBS
Kosovo, whose status is still disputed by many, unilaterally declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008. Serbia still considers Kosovo as part of itself, despite the fact that...Author: Palusek Erik
situation of the Roma and the European Union’s Roma strategy
The ‘EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies up to 2020’ is the first comprehensive integration document at European level which has enjoyed both professional and political support in the...Author: Szalayné Sándor Erzsébet
Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe
The Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe was created on 10 June 1999 on the initiative of the European Union after the war in Kosovo. Forty countries and major international organisations...Author: Gyurcsík Iván
state language (official language)
The state language (official language) is usually taken to mean the national language that is the historically established majority language used in the country. The official language can also sometimes...Author: Bárdi Nándor
State Secretariat for Kin-State Policy
Since 2010 national policy is steered by the Deputy Prime Minister responsibility for Kin-State Policy. In the new system set up after the 2010 elections the State Secretariat for Kin-State...Author: Kántor Zoltán
Szekler flag
Although the blue and gold flag with a sun star and crescent moon, which has become the symbol of the Szekler autonomist movement, is a brand new creation, it is...Author: Zahorán Csaba
Teleki László Foundation
The Teleki László Institute was created with government decree 1007/1991. (II. 09) in 1991 and it became the legal successor of the Hungarian Studies Group (later: Institute) established in 1985....Author: Bárdi Nándor
Tom Lantos Institute
The Tom Lantos Institute (TLI), headquartered in Budapest, is an independent organization dedicated to human and minority rights, with a primary emphasis on Jewish and Roma communities, as well as...Author: Tárnok Balázs
Treaties of Accession to the European Union
The protection of minorities as a political condition for EU membership is only exceptionally included in accession treaties. Protocol 2 to the 1994 Treaty of Accession of Austria, Finland, Sweden...Author: Vizi Balázs
Triadic Nexus
The Triadic Nexus refers to a three-element model, that the American sociologist, Rogers Brubaker developed primarily for the study of the national question related to the autochthonous kin-minorities in Eastern...Author: Gazsó Dániel
Typologies of Diaspora Communities
One of the main criteria for identifying subtypes of diaspora communities is the nature and timing of the emigration itself. Thus, a distinction is made between ‘old’ and ‘new’ diasporas,...Author: Gazsó Dániel
Typologies of Diaspora Organizations
Diaspora communities have long established several institutions to maintain their ethnic boundaries and transmit the desire to exist as a distinct ethnicity from one generation to the next. The different...Author: Gazsó Dániel
Typologies of Diaspora Policies
Scholars on diaspora policies tend to create typologies by identifying similarities and differences among state policies designed to forge the relationship between diaspora communities and their kin-state. On the one...Author: Gazsó Dániel
typology of language use by minorities in Central Europe
In the twentieth century, minority groups in the Central European region became predominantly bilingual, while the majority nations of the region are almost exclusively monolingual. Bilingualism also allows minorities in...Author: Bárdi Nándor
UN Declaration on the Rights of Minorities
In 1948, at the time of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the UN General Assembly declared its intention to deal specifically with the rights of minorities....Author: Vizi Balázs
UN Forum on Minority Issues
The UN Forum on Minority Issues is an annual two-day event organized and prepared by the UN Special Rapporteur on minority issues. The UN Forum on Minority Issues was established...Author: Tárnok Balázs
UN institutions providing protection for indigenous peoples
The Working Group on Indigenous Populations was established in 1982 as one of the six working groups overseen by the Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, the...Author: Nagy Noémi
UN Special Rapporteur on Minority Issues
The (United Nations) Human Rights Council (before 2006 the Commission on Human Rights) is responsible for addressing the human rights situation in the UN member states in a comprehensive manner....Author: Vizi Balázs
UN treaties affecting minorities
The first of the treaties adopted in the framework of the UN is the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, adopted in 1948, which recognises...Author: Vizi Balázs
UN Universal Periodic Review (UPR)
The UN Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a unique mechanismof the UN Human Rights Council that calls for each UN Member State, regardless of their membership in specific human rights...Author: Tárnok Balázs
Valiullina and others v. Latvia
The ECtHR’s most recent rulings on minority language educationwere delivered at the end of 2023 as a result of legislative amendments in Latvia: Valiullina and Others; Džibuti and Others. The...Author: Nagy Noémi
Venice Commission reports on national minorities
The European Commission for Democracy through Law operated within the framework of the Council of Europe, better known as the Venice Commission, is an advisory body set up in 1990...Author: Szalayné Sándor Erzsébet